Spruce-Fir Swamp Guide - New York Natural Heritage Program

Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. La Roe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C. 131 pp.

Edinger, Gregory J., D.J. Evans, Shane Gebauer, Timothy G. Howard, David M. Hunt, and Adele M. Olivero (editors). 2002. Ecological Communities of New York State. Second Edition. A revised and expanded edition of Carol Reschke's Ecological Communities of N

Keys, Jr.,J.; Carpenter, C.; Hooks, S.; Koenig, F.; McNab, W.H.; Russell, W.;Smith, M.L. 1995. Ecological units of the eastern United States - first approximation (cd-rom), Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. GIS coverage in ARCINFO format, selected imagery, and map unit tables.

Kucera, D.R. and P.W. Orr. 1981. Spruce budworm in the eastern United States. Forest Insect and Disease Leaflet 160. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, D.C.

NatureServe. 2005. NatureServe Central Databases. Arlington, Virginia. USA

New York Natural Heritage Program. No date. Field forms database: Electronic field data storage and access for New York Heritage ecology, botany, and zoology. New York Natural Heritage Program, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Alba

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. 1995. Freshwater Wetlands: Delineation Manual. July 1995. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Division of Fish, Wildlife, and Marine Resources. Bureau of Habitat. Albany, NY.

Reschke, Carol. 1990. Ecological communities of New York State. New York Natural Heritage Program, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Latham, NY. 96 pp. plus xi.

United States Envoronmental Protection Agency. 2005. Effects of Acid Rain: Forests. Available on line at http:www.epa.gov/airmarkets/acidrain/effects/forests.html Accessed March 2, 2005.

Zon, R. 1914. Balsam fir. Bull. U.S. Department Agriculture No. 55:1-68.

Acknowledgements

Funding from the NYSDEC Hudson River Estuary Program made the initial development of these guides possible.

Additional support has been provided by

Division of Lands & Forests, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
New York State Department of Transportation

Website architect: Andrew Blick.
Modifications and updates: David Marston.

Global data are provided by NatureServe and its Natural Heritage member programs, a leading source of information about rare and endangered species, and threatened ecosystems.

New York Natural Heritage Program
625 Broadway, 5th Floor, Albany, NY 12233-4757
Phone: (518) 402-8935 Fax: (518) 402-8925

Please send comments and suggestions to: acris@nynhp.org

To continue building a comprehensive, up-to-date database of information on the locations of rare species and ecological communities in New York State, we invite your contributions. If you have information on a rare species or ecological community, please fill out a Natural Heritage Reporting Form (two-page MS Word document).

This guide was authored by:

Information for this guide was last updated on: 19-Mar-2013

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Please cite this page as:
New York Natural Heritage Program. 2013. Online Conservation Guide for Spruce-Fir Swamp. Available from: http://acris.nynhp.org/guide.php?id=9905. Accessed May 21st, 2013.